Gowon: Military era is behind us, democracy key to national development

Yakubu Gowon, former head of state, says despite the flaws of democracy, the era of military rule should never return to Nigeria.

Gowon spoke in Abuja on Wednesday during the unveiling of a book titled “Military Factor in Nigerian History 1960–2018, published by the Historical Society of Nigeria (HSN) to mark its 70th anniversary.

The former head of state said the military made key contributions to Nigeria’s peace and economic growth but noted that it must focus on supporting democracy and national development.

“The era of military governance is and must remain behind us; democracy, despite its imperfections, provides the best framework for national development and popular participation,” Gowon said.

“The armed forces must fully embrace their constitutional role as defenders of the nation’s territorial integrity, not as administrators or political actors.”

The former head of state, who chaired the event, said the role of the military in Nigeria’s history is not a simple tale of heroes and villains.

The former military ruler said debates over whether the military has helped or hindered Nigeria’s growth are far from being settled.

“With the wisdom that comes from age and reflection, I believe the answer lies somewhere in between,” he said.

“On one hand, the military preserved national unity during the civil war. We built infrastructure, created states to bring the government closer to the people, and at times restored order when civilian structures faltered.

“Our armed forces have distinguished themselves in peacekeeping operations across Africa and beyond.

“On the other hand, I must acknowledge that military rule stifled democratic development, sometimes violated civil liberties, and created structures that enabled corruption.”

He added that the coups of 1966 and 1983, as well as the annulment of the June 12, 1993 election, were setbacks that must be addressed with honesty.

“However, by acknowledging these mistakes, we pave the way for a brighter, more democratic future,” the former military ruler said.

Reflecting on the civil war, Gowon described it as Nigeria’s most painful moment and one that reaffirmed the country’s commitment to unity.

On current security challenges, the ex-head of state called for a military that is more technologically advanced and driven by intelligence.

“The military should be seen as an essential component of the national fabric, working in tandem with civilian authorities,” Gowon said.

He added that Nigeria’s military should continue to play a critical role in regional security and defence.